Understanding Hip Dysplasia in Children: Insights and Treatment from Dr. Roshan Kumar Jaiswal

 Hip dysplasia, a common yet often misunderstood pediatric condition, affects the stability and alignment of the hip joint. If left untreated, it can lead to pain, mobility issues, and arthritis in adulthood. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to preventing complications and ensuring a healthy, active life for children. Dr. Roshan Kumar Jaiswal, a renowned pediatric orthopedic specialist and surgeon in Secunderabad, has extensive experience in diagnosing and treating hip dysplasia. In this blog, we explore what hip dysplasia is, its causes, symptoms, and the effective treatment options available.

Hip dysplasia, or developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a condition where the hip joint does not develop properly. It occurs when the ball (femoral head) does not fit snugly into the hip socket (acetabulum). This misalignment can range from a mildly shallow socket to a completely dislocated hip. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital to prevent long-term complications such as limping, pain, and early-onset arthritis.

Hip dysplasia affects approximately 1 in 1,000 newborns, with varying degrees of severity. It is more common in girls and often affects the left hip due to fetal positioning in the womb. The condition can develop during pregnancy, at birth, or in early childhood. Dr. Roshan Kumar Jaiswal emphasizes that timely diagnosis and a personalized treatment approach can significantly improve outcomes.

The exact cause of hip dysplasia remains unclear, but several risk factors have been identified:

1. Breech Birth: Babies born in a breech position are at a higher risk.

2. Family History: Genetic predisposition plays a role.

3. Firstborns: Limited space in the womb may contribute to hip misalignment.

4. Swaddling Practices: Incorrect swaddling with legs straightened can increase the risk.

5. Gender: Girls are more likely to develop hip dysplasia due to hormonal factors that can relax ligaments.

Understanding these risk factors can help in early detection and timely intervention, preventing long-term complications.

Hip dysplasia can manifest through a range of symptoms, which may vary depending on the child’s age and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

1. Asymmetrical Skin Folds: Uneven thigh or buttock creases.

2. Limited Range of Motion: Difficulty spreading the legs apart during diaper changes.

3. Limping: In older children, untreated hip dysplasia can cause a noticeable limp.

4. Leg Length Discrepancy: One leg may appear shorter than the other.

5. Clicking or Popping Sounds: Audible sounds during hip movements.

Parents should consult a pediatric orthopedic specialist like Dr. Roshan Kumar Jaiswal if they notice any of these symptoms, as early intervention can prevent further complications.

Early diagnosis of hip dysplasia is crucial for effective treatment and preventing long-term damage. Dr. Jaiswal employs a comprehensive diagnostic approach that includes:

1. Physical Examination: Checking for asymmetrical thigh folds, leg length differences, and hip instability.

2. Ortolani and Barlow Tests: Specialized maneuvers to detect hip dislocation in infants.

3. Imaging Tests:

• Ultrasound: Effective for diagnosing hip dysplasia in infants under six months.

• X-rays: Used for older children to assess bone alignment and socket depth.

Accurate diagnosis allows for timely intervention and a personalized treatment plan, ensuring the best possible outcomes for young patients.

The goal of treating hip dysplasia is to achieve a stable, well-aligned hip joint and prevent long-term complications. Treatment options vary based on the child’s age and the severity of the condition.

1. Non-Surgical Treatment:

• Pavlik Harness: A soft brace used for infants under six months to hold the hips in proper alignment. It is worn continuously for 6–12 weeks and has a success rate of over 90% when applied early.

• Abduction Braces: Used when the Pavlik harness is ineffective or for older infants.

2. Closed Reduction:

• A non-surgical procedure for infants over six months. The hip is gently maneuvered into place under anesthesia, followed by casting to maintain alignment.

3. Surgical Treatment:

• Open Reduction: Required for severe cases where the hip cannot be aligned non-surgically. Involves repositioning the hip joint and securing it with a cast.

• Osteotomy: A procedure to reshape the hip socket for better alignment, usually for older children.

• Hip Spica Casting: Used post-surgery to maintain hip alignment during healing.

Dr. Jaiswal’s expertise in both non-surgical and surgical treatments ensures that each child receives the most effective care based on their specific condition.

Recovery from hip dysplasia treatment involves a combination of physical therapy, regular follow-ups, and supportive care. Dr. Jaiswal’s post-treatment plan includes:

1. Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen hip muscles and improve mobility.

2. Routine Monitoring: Regular X-rays and follow-up visits to assess hip development.

3. Parental Education: Guidance on brace maintenance, safe positioning, and early signs of recurrence.

With proper treatment and diligent follow-up, most children achieve full recovery and normal hip function, allowing them to lead active, healthy lives.

Prevention of hip dysplasia focuses on minimizing risk factors and promoting safe practices:

1. Proper Swaddling Techniques: Ensuring that the baby’s legs are free to move.

2. Routine Screening: Regular pediatric check-ups, especially for high-risk infants.

3. Awareness and Education: Informing parents about early symptoms and risk factors.

A diagnosis of hip dysplasia can be overwhelming for parents. Dr. Roshan Kumar Jaiswal believes in a comprehensive approach that addresses both the physical and emotional aspects of care. By providing clear information, compassionate care, and continuous support, Dr. Jaiswal ensures that parents are confident and informed throughout their child’s treatment journey.

Hip dysplasia is a treatable condition, and with early intervention and expert care, children can achieve normal hip function and lead active lives. Dr. Roshan Kumar Jaiswal’s dedication to pediatric orthopedic care ensures that young patients receive the highest quality treatment for hip dysplasia. If your child shows symptoms of hip dysplasia, do not delay—consult Dr. Jaiswal’s clinic in Secunderabad for a comprehensive evaluation and personalized care.